Stem Cell Research Today

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      Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.
There are three accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans:
  1. Bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest),
  2. Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction, and
  3. Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a blood donation), and passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells and returns other portions of the blood to the donor." –
Wikepedia definition - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell

Stem cell research has great possibilities in helping cure many ailments. Here are a few of the breakthroughs in stem cell research. Great advances have been made regardless of the ban by the previous administration. Research still continued and wasn't released until the next presidential administration. It is amazing to find the multitude of breakthroughs as a result of stem cell research.

1. Human brain cells created using stem cells
2. New treatment for baldness: growing hair with stem cells

3. Stem cells successfully treat genetic disease for the first time 

Researchers at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Cambridge have managed to harvest stem cells from a patient with a genetic mutation, fix that mutation, and then use those repaired cells to successfully treat the disease that the mutation was causing in the first place. - Dvice.com article.

4. Japanese researchers grow working liver from stem cells
Researcher at Japan's RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology took mouse stem cells and re-programmed them into a working pituitary gland

5. Researchers convince stem cells to create new working organs
6. Healing burns in a matter of days with the stem-cell gun 
7. Stem cells restore vision in blind man
8. Cancer patient gets a new trachea grown from his own stem cells
9. Scientists use 3D printing to layer stem cells into organs
This would become a commercial industry to help the millions of people who need organ transplants every year. 

10. Stem cell-coated contact lens restores vision to the partially sighted
11. Plastic trachea covered in stem cells successfully implanted in American
12. Researchers grow teeth from stem cells  
If only this could be commercialized, it could lead to the end of dentures for Americans.
13. Scientists working on creating synthetic human blood
This should be sold to the Red Cross for generation of blood for blood banks.
14. Old skin cells can be transformed into new, beating heart muscle
This would greatly help the lack of compatible hearts in the United States; a new heart could be grown for the recipient. The list goes on. If you are interested in reading more about stem cell research go to www.stemcellnetwork.ca and other links in the references.

References:
1.      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
2.      www.dvice.com
3.      http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.php?page=stem-cell-timeline
4.      http://www.newscientist.com/topic/stem-cells
5.      http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/29/us-stemcells-idUSBREA0S0UM20140129






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